畅春园植物考证及植物景观营造

畅春园作为北京西郊的"三山五园"之一,是平地造园的典范,也是一座以植物景观为主的皇家园林。通过对游记、御制诗词、宫廷画和楹联匾额等史料进行考证,得出畅春园已知植物种类32种及大致分布位置。以此为基础对畅春园植物景观特色进行分析,认为畅春园在植物种类选择上,既因地制宜地使用北京乡土植物,也引种了南北方的观赏植物,同时注重生产性植物的运用;在植物配置方面,畅春园四季之景各异,植物与建筑和山水结合凸显文化性,强调空间感;在植物文化意境方面,楹联匾额中的植物文化反映出士大夫文人品格,整体则体现出江山永固、君怀天下的政治思想。

Study on the Plants and the Plant Landscape of Changchun Garden

As one of the "Three Hills and Five Gardens" in the western suburbs of Beijing, Changchun Garden is a good example for gardening on flat land, and it is a royal garden focusing on plant landscape. Through the research on the travel notes, imperial poetry, court paintings, couplets and tablets and other historical materials of Changchun Garden, a list of plants with a total of 32 species and their general distribution was obtained. Based on this, the characteristics of Changchun Garden''s plant landscape were analyzed, concluded as follow: first, the selection of plant species fit for local conditions include native plants, exotic ornamental plants and productive plant; second, in terms of plant configuration mode, plants make seasons different and the combination of plants, architecture and landscapes highlights the culture and the sense of space; and third, in terms of plant culture and artistic conception, plants mentioned in couplets and tablets reflect the literati character of the scholar-officials. From the overall landscape, it reflects the political ideology of country''s stability and emperor''s caring for people.