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Wax composition of sunflower seed oils
Authors:Amalia A Carelli  Lorna M Frizzera  Pedro R Forbito  Guillermo H Crapiste
Affiliation:(1) Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), (UNS-CONICET), Camino Carrindanga km. 7, CC717, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
Abstract:Waxes are natural components of sunflower oils, consisting mainly of esters of FA with fatty alcohols, that are partially removed in the winterization process during oil refining. The wax composition of sunflower seed as well as the influence of processing on the oil wax concentration was studied using capillary GLC. Sunflower oils obtained by solvent extraction from whole seed, dehulled seed, and seed hulls were analyzed and compared with commercial crude and refined oils. The main components of crude sunflower oil waxes were esters having carbon atom numbers between 36 and 48, with a high concentration in the C40−C42 fraction. Extracted oils showed higher concentrations of waxes than those obtained by pressing, especially in the higher M.W. fraction, but the wax content was not affected significantly by water degumming. The hull contribution to the sunflower oil wax content was higher than 40 wt%, resulting in 75 wt % in the crystallized fraction. The oil wax content could be reduced appreciably by hexane washing or partial dehulling of the seed. Waxes in dewaxed and refined sunflower oils were mainly constituted by esters containing fewer than 42 carbon atoms, indicating that these were mostly soluble and remained in the oil after processing.
Keywords:Dewaxing  gas chromatography  sunflower oil  sunflower seed  waxes
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