老姜与鲜姜超临界提取物的化学成分分析

为确定老姜和鲜姜的成分差异及功效，采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定了老姜和鲜姜超临界CO2提取物的化学成分及相对含量。结果表明，老姜及鲜姜姜油树脂的提取率分别为5.15%±0.12%和4.67%±0.15%，两者所含的化学成分基本相同，主要为α-姜烯、β-倍半水芹烯、β-没药烯、α-法尼烯、α-姜黄烯、6-姜酚、6-姜烯酚及分解物姜油酮等，但相对含量差异显著。在呈香性萜类化合物中，老姜中1,8-桉树脑、β-香芧醛、柠檬醛、香叶醇、乙酸香叶酯及α-姜烯等化合物的相对含量显著低于鲜姜，且γ-芹子烯和大香叶烯D仅在鲜姜中检测出，而老姜中α-姜黄烯的相对含量显著高于鲜姜。老姜中姜辣素类化合物总的相对含量比鲜姜高7.86%，特别是6-姜烯酚和10-姜烯酚的相对含量分别比鲜姜高15.49%和30.51%。

Chemical Composition Analysis on SEF-CO2 Extracts of Seed Ginger and Fresh Ginger

Chemical composition of supercritical CO2 extracts of seed ginger and fresh ginger were analyzed by using GC-MS. Results indicated that the oleoresin yields of seed ginger and fresh ginger are 5.15% ± 0.12% and 4.67% ± 0.15%，respectively. No differences exist on chemical compositions between the two extracts, which mainly contain α-zingiberene, β-sesquiphellandrene, β-bisobolene, α-farnesene, α-curcumene, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol and zingerone. However, the contents of these compounds are different significantly. The seed ginger extract contains less terpenoids than the fresh ginger extract, namely 1,8-cineole, β-citronellal, citral, geraniol, geranyl acetate, α-zingiberene and the other two terpenoids of γ-selinene, germacrene D are only detected in fresh ginger extract. The relative content of α-curcumene in seed ginger extract is higher than that in fresh ginger extract. Seed ginger extract also possesses more gingerols than fresh ginger by 7.86%, especially 6-shogaol and 10-shogaol, whose relative contents are higher 15.49% and 30.51% than those in fresh ginger extract.