6种食用昆虫对小鼠血糖和血脂的影响

为探讨常见食用昆虫对血糖和血脂的调节作用，本实验通过在高糖高脂饲料中添加3%的昆虫冻干粉，测定了蚱蝉若虫、豆天蛾幼虫、黄粉虫幼虫、东亚飞蝗成虫、蟋蟀成虫及家蚕5龄幼虫对小鼠血糖和血脂的影响。结果表明，家蚕5龄幼虫对小鼠的空腹血糖、食后血糖、血清总胆固醇及甘油三酯均具有极显著的降低作用；此外，东亚飞蝗对小鼠的空腹血糖有显著的降低作用，蚱蝉能显著降低小鼠的食后血糖；所有供试昆虫对小鼠血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯都有不同程度的降低效果，其中对总胆固醇的调节作用以蚱蝉和家蚕的效果最大，对甘油三酯的调节作用以蟋蟀和家蚕最为明显。食用昆虫不仅是营养丰富的美味佳肴，而且也是有效的保健食品。

Effects of Six Edible Insects on Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels in Mice

Regulating effects of edible insects on blood glucose and lipid levels was investigated by feeding mice the high-lipid and high-carbohydrate diet in addition of 3% freeze-dried insect powder. Six edible insect varieties were selected in this experiment including Cryptotympana atrata Fabricius larvae, Clanis bilineata Walker larvae, Tenebrio molito L. larvae, Locusta migratoria Meyer imago, Brachytrupes portentosus Lichtenstein imago and the fifth instar silkworm larvae. Results revealed that the fifth instar silkworm larvae is able to remarkably reduce the levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, total serum cholesterol and triglycerides in mice. Meanwhile, Locusta migratoria Meyer imago notably lowers fasting blood glucose, while Cryptotympana atrata Fabricius larvae can decrease postprandial blood glucose effectively. All the test insects can reduce the levels of total serum cholesterol and triglycerides in mice at different degrees and among them, Cryptotympana atrata Fabricius larvae and silkworm larvae are the most efficient in regulate total cholesterol, while Brachytrupes portentosus Lichtenstein imago and silkworm larvae contribute more in controlling triglycerides.