不同模式下电动汽车充电负荷及充电设施需求数量计算

电动汽车充电设施技术路线的选择可从多种角度出发。基于现有充电设施特性和用户需求分析，对常规充电、快速充电、电池更换3种模式下的充电负荷进行了建模。应用蒙特卡罗仿真方法计算了3种模式下一定规模电动汽车在一日内的充电负荷曲线。根据一日中最大在线充电汽车数量得出快速充电设施的数量需求，根据换电站内充满电和正在充电电池数量的计算，得出换电站电池配置数量需求。计算结果表明，由于充电相对集中，一定规模电动汽车采用慢速充电时其电力需求最大。相比于慢速充电，快速充电和电池更换模式一定程度上提高了设施的利用率，但为了保证换电服务，换电站需配置足够数量的电池。

Calculation of Electric Vehicles Charging Load and Necessary Amount of Charging Facilities under Different Modes

The technology road map of electric vehicle （EV） charging facilities can be selected from a variety of views. Based on analysis on charging facilities and the requirements of EV users, charging load models are presented in this paper respectively under the charging modes of slow charging, fast charging and battery-exchange. Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the total charging load profiles of EVs during one day under three charging modes. The required amount of fast charging equipment is calculated according to the maximum number of EVs under charging during one day. The required amount of batteries in battery swap stations is calculated acco- rding to the numbers of charging batteries and full batteries. The results show that under the slow charging mode, the total power demand for EVs is larger due to relatively concentrated charging. Compared with the slow charging, the fast charging and battery-exchange mode can significantly improve the utilization of facilities. To ensure swapping services, a sufficient number of batteries should be made available in battery- exchange stations.