长江感潮河段溢油风险评价体系构建及应用

长江感潮河段水动力条件复杂，对该水域溢油事故缺少相应的风险评价指标体系。为科学评价长江感潮河段溢油风险，从溢油事故对上游水体、敏感点、敏感区影响 3 个要素出发，构建风险评价指标体系，包括危害区特征、危害期特征共 23 个指标。应用该指标体系，基于 EFDC 二维水动力-油粒子模型，以长江南京段水域某码头溢油事故为研究对象，开展溢油风险评价，模拟计算涨急、落急、涨憩、落憩 4 种典型事故发生工况下的风险评价指标值。结果表明；事故发生在落急或涨憩时刻时不会对上游水域产生影响，发生在落憩时刻时对事故点上游水域影响距离最远，发生在落急时刻时将最快影响到下游的敏感点和敏感区，持续时间与水动力特性密切相关。建立的评价指标体系可以较为全面地刻画溢油风险影响特征，为长江感潮河段溢油风险评价提供量化指标和评价工具。

Establishment and application of index systemfor environment riskevaluation of oil spill accident in Yangtze River tidal section

Hydrodynamic conditions of tidal reach of the Yangtze River are relatively complex. And there is a lack of corresponding risk evaluation index system of oil spill accidents in this area. In order to scientifically evaluate the risk of oil spill in tidal waterway of the Yangtze River, this paper establishes risk evaluation index system, including twentythree indexes such as characteristics of hazard area, characteristics of hazard period and so on. The risk evaluation index system of oil spill accidents is constructed from three aspects: the upstream water body, the passing sensitive point and the passing sensitive area. Based on the EFDC (environmental fluid dynamics code)two-dimensional hydrodynamic-oil particle model , oil spill risk evaluation is conducted, taking a dock oil spill accident, which is located at Nanjing section of the Yangtze River, as the research object, to simulate and calculate the risk evaluation index under circumstances of four typical accident condition, i.e, maximum flood, maximum ebb, end of ebb and flow. Results show that accidents, which occur at the time of maximum ebb or end of ebb, have no impact on the upstream water area. Accidents, which occur at the time of end of flow, have the longest-distance impact on the upstream water area of the accident spot. Accidents, occurring at the time of maximum ebb, have the quickest impact on the downstream sensitive spots and areas, also, impact duration is closely related to hydrodynamic characteristics. The established risk evaluation index system can describe the oil spill risk impact characteristics comprehensively and provide quantitative indicators and evaluation tools for oil spill risk evaluation in tidal reach of the Yangtze River.