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Fiber Bridging during Melt Electrowriting of Poly(ε-Caprolactone) and the Influence of Fiber Diameter and Wall Height |
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| Authors: | Jaehyeon Kim Ezgi Bakirci Kelly L O'Neill Andrei Hrynevich Paul D Dalton |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070 Germany
Institute of Biology, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, Magdeburg, 39120 Germany;2. Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070 Germany;3. Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070 Germany Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, 4200-465 Portugal Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal;4. Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, 97070 Germany Department of Veterinary Science, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, Netherlands Department of Orthopedics, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands |
| Abstract: | Melt electrowriting (MEW) is a direct-writing technology for small diameter fibers; however, due to electrostatic attraction, the technique is restricted in how close these microfibers can be positioned on the collector. Here, the minimum interfiber distance between parallel poly(ε-caprolactone) MEW microfibers is determined for different fiber diameters and number of layers on noncoated and star-shaped poly(ethylene oxide-stat-propylene oxide) (sP(EO-stat-PO))-coated glass coverslips. The effect of the fiber diameter, the number of fiber layers, and shape of turning loops affect precision and the minimum interfiber distance. Single fibers with diameter of 5, 10, and 15 µm have a minimum interfiber distance without fiber bridging of 33 ± 2.7, 54 ± 2.2, and 62 ± 2.7 µm, respectively. Increasing the number of layers to ten increases this minimum interfiber distance approximately twofold to 60 ± 3.5, 97 ± 4.5, and 102 ± 2.7 µm for the increasing fiber diameters. The sP(EO-stat-PO) slightly increases the minimum interfiber distance for the 15 µm diameter group only, with spacing for the 5 and 10 µm fibers unaffected by the coating. Identifying and determining the fabrication limits for MEW is highly instructional for users working and designing scaffolds with this technology. |
| Keywords: | 3D printing additive manufacturing electrohydrodynamic melt electrospinning writing |