The law of ultrasonic energy conversion in thermosonic flip chip bonding interfaces |
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Authors: | Li Junhui Wang Ruishan He Hu Wang Fuliang Han Lei Zhong Jue |
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Affiliation: | aSchool of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Central South University, ChangSha 410083, China;bKey Laboratory of Modern Complex Equipment Design and Extreme Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, ChangSha 410083, China;cState Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China |
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Abstract: | In this paper, the vibration characteristics during the flip chip (FC) bonding process were observed by using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), and the atom diffusion features in vertical section of the FC bonding interfaces were inspected by using a high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Results show that the vibration velocity of a die was about 500 mm/s during the traditional FC bonding process, and that of a substrate was only about 180 mm/s. It led to the difference of atom diffusion in the FC interfaces. For the given variables, the thickness of atom diffusion at an up-interface (i.e. Au/Al interface) of the FC bonding was about 500 nm where was an inter-metallic compound (i.e. AuAl2), and that of atom diffusion at a down-interface (i.e. Au/Ag interface) was about 200 nm. Furthermore, the law of ultrasonic energy conversion was found that the ratio of the up-interface to the down-interface in the FC bonding was statistically about 2.21:1. According to this principle, different bonding processes are suggested to improve the performance of two interfaces. The experimental evaluation confirms the effectiveness of the suggested processes on minimizing the inter-metallic compound layer and equilibrating the thickness of atom diffusion at two interfaces. |
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Keywords: | Flip Chip Dynamics Diffusion |
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