利用工业废料研制再生陶瓷初探

为了材料的充分循环,实现可持续发展,研究人员对回收工业废料用做陶瓷原料的技术进行了探索。本文阐述了再生陶瓷的研发状况,介绍了其粉体制备、坯料、配方、成型和烧成工艺,同时还针对节能环保的要求,研究了降低烧成温度和缩短烧成周期的策略。回收废瓷粉、废玻璃粉、燃烧灰烬、废粘土、废赤泥(氧化铝工业废料)和粉煤灰等工业废渣,配成多种陶瓷坯料,并测试了各种坯料配方的物理特性,确定了每种配方的烧成温度。配方中添加废玻璃可以有效地降低烧成温度。研制出的一种再生陶瓷的可行性坯料配方是:80-20%废瓷粉,20-80%燃烧灰烬,30%废玻璃粉。坯料干压成型,经1100℃烧成后,吸水率为9.9%,体积密度为2.52g/cm3。该坯料配方可采用速烧工艺。

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE PREPARATION OF RECYCLING CERAMICS USING INDUSTRIAL WASTE

A technology for recycling industrial wastes as ceramic raw materials was studied for the purpose of attaining closed material circulation and a state of sustainable development. In this report, a development of recycling ceramics, including powder preparation, body preparation, forming, and firing technology, is described. A lowering of firing temperature and a decreasing of firing duration of the ceramics were also studied with the aim of protecting the environment and energy-saving. Many kinds of sintered composites were prepared from powders of industrial wastes, such as ceramic wastes, refuse glass, burned ash, waste clay, Sekidei (waste from alumina production), and coal ash. Physical properties of the sintered bodies were measured to investigate the adequate firing temperature for each composite. An addition of refuse glass to the composite was extremely effective in lowering the firing temperature. One of the practical ceramic bodies obtained in this study is a composite of 80-20% fine powder of ceramic waste, 20-80% burned waste, and 30% refuse glass. The composite could be formed by dry pressing. After firing at 1100 degrees centigrade, the water absorption and bulk density of the composite were 9.9% and 2.52g/cm3, respectively. Fast firing was applicable to the composite.