某水电站溢流坝陡槽高速泄流掺气减蚀试验研究

为有效解决陡槽高速泄流情况下的空化空蚀问题,借鉴二滩水电站#1泄洪洞掺气坎的修复经验,通过国内某溢流坝陡槽段大比尺模型试验,研究了底掺气设施有无加设侧掺气坎的掺气空腔长度、掺气浓度、通气量等参数与流速的关系。结果表明,泄水陡槽加设适宜的侧掺气坎后,未影响底空腔的长度,有助于形成稳定完整的底空腔和侧空腔,且使水体掺气浓度及通气量显著增加,不仅避免了陡槽侧墙空蚀的发生,还可加强过流底板的保护作用。

Experimental Study of High-speed Discharge Aeration Cavitation Alleviating for Chute of Overflow Dam in Hydropower Station

To effectively solve the problem of cavitation in the case of high-speed discharge chute and use the aerator repair experience of #1 spillway tunnel of Ertan hydropower station for reference, the relationship between bottom aerator parameters of lateral aeration cavity length, air concentration, ventilation and velocity is studied with large-scale model test of overflow dam chute. The results show that the discharge chute added appropriate lateral aerator does not affect the bottom cavity length, contributes to the formation of stable complete bottom and lateral cavities, and significantly increases water body aeration concentration and ventilation volume. Thus, it avoids the occurrence of cavitation in chute side wall and strengthens the protection of the bottom of the chute.