Creation of a new material stream from Japanese cedar resources to cellulose nanofibrils |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China;1. Polymet Jena Association, Wildenbruchstr. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany;2. McMaster University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada;3. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Otto-Schott-Straße 41, 07745 Jena, Germany;4. University of Minho, Center of Biological Engineering, IBB – Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;5. JeNaCell GmbH, Winzerlaer Str. 2, 07745 Jena, Germany;6. Kyushu University, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Biomacromolecular Materials Lab and Biomaterial Design Lab, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan;7. RISE Bioeconomy, Box 5604, S-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden;8. University Hospital Jena, Center for Electron Microscopy, Ziegelmuehlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany;9. Jenpolymer Materials UG & Co. KG, Wildenbruchstr. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany;10. Jena University Hospital, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Japanese cedar is one of the most abundant plantation softwoods in Japan, although it is not effectively utilized as a wood resource. Japanese cedar cellulose was isolated and subjected to one-pot catalytic oxidation and reduction with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and NaBH4, respectively. The TEMPO-oxidized and NaBH4-reduced Japanese cedar celluloses (TOCs-NaBH4) had carboxylate content of up to 1.4 mmol/g and viscosity-average degrees of polymerization from 2000 to 3000. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the TOCs-NaBH4 showed that the crystal widths were ~ 3 nm, indicating that the C6-OH groups present on the crystalline cellulose microfibril surfaces were selectively oxidized to C6-carboxylate groups. When the TOCs-NaBH4 with carboxylate content of 0.9–1.4 mmol/g were mechanically disintegrated in water, transparent TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCN) dispersions were obtained. The lengths of the TOCNs, determined from their atomic force microscopy images, varied from 800 to 1500 nm, depending on the oxidation conditions. The TOCNs prepared from Japanese cedar cellulose have an average of high aspect ratios (> 300), which is greater than that (~ 150) prepared from wood pulp and thus advantageous. |
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