谷物中重金属来源、检测技术及膳食风险研究进展

随着工业化的快速发展,谷物作为人类主要的食物来源之一,受到重金属污染的风险日益加剧。其中,铅、镉、铬、砷和汞等重金属对人体健康有潜在的危害,长期随谷物摄入可能导致中毒和慢性疾病。由于谷物广泛应用于各类饮食和加工食品中,重金属的积累可能对人体健康造成长期影响。本文综述了重金属污染农作物的自然途径和人为途径来源、谷物中重金属检测方法及相关法规和标准,同时针对谷物中重金属的膳食风险进行评估,进而阐述谷物中重金属污染的控制措施和技术手段。通过评估谷物中重金属污染对膳食安全构成的潜在风险,明晰谷物质量安全的潜在威胁,以期为保护我国粮食安全和人体健康提供理论依据和实践指导。

Advances in heavy metal sources, detection techniques and dietary risks in cereals

As industrialization continues to expand, cereals, a primary food source for humans, face an increasing risk of contamination with heavy metals. Key heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) pose significant health hazards. Prolonged consumption of cereals contaminated with these metals can lead to poisoning and chronic diseases. Given the widespread use of cereals in food processing and diets, the accumulation of heavy metals in these grains is a matter of serious concern for long-term human health impacts. This paper summarized the natural and artificial sources of heavy metal pollution in crops, the detection methods of heavy metals in grains, relevant regulations and standards, and evaluated the dietary risk of heavy metals in grains, and then expounded the control measures and technical means of heavy metal pollution in grains By evaluating the potential threat of heavy metal pollution in grain to food safety, clarified the potential threat of grain quality safety, so as to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance to protect food safety and human health in China.