印染废水深度处理中的功能膜材料及膜污染预防

印染废水由于其高色度、高COD、高盐度和可生化性差的特点，成为废水处理领域的一大难题。与常规方法相比，膜法废水处理技术由于其高效、节能、无二次污染等优点而倍受关注。本文主要结合印染废水和膜法废水处理技术的特点，综述了超滤和纳滤等功能膜材料在印染废水深度处理中的应用。胶束强化超滤以及超滤与传统工艺联用的方法有效解决了单独超滤对小分子染料去除率不高的问题，而纳滤不仅对染料脱色效果较好，而且可达到回收染料和回用水的目的，因而具有极其广阔的应用前景。文章还针对废水处理过程中存在的膜污染问题，分析了相应的预防措施。

Membrane Materials and Fouling Control in Dye Wastewater Treatment and Reutilization

Owing to high colored, high COD, high salt load, the dyeing effluents become difficult to treat. The effluents of biological treatments can hardly be permitted to release to the environment. The physical/chemical methods are often costly or produce the by--products, so it is difficult for them to apply in the industry fields. Membrane technology is being concerned because of the low energy consuming, high efficiency, no secondary pollution. This paper mainly introduces the applying of the ultrafiltration and nanofiltration in dyeing--contained wastewater. Though the retention of low--molecular dyes is not high, the micellar--enhanced ultrafiltration and the combination with traditional technologies are used to treat the dyeing-- containing wastewater, and obtain high retention. Nanofiltration has the high retention of the dyes, further more, it can be used to reclaim the dyes and the permeate water. This paper also introduces the formation of the membrane fouling and the measures to prevent it, which can be used to improve the applying of the membrane technology.