Automated optimization of transverse frame layouts for ships by elastic-plastic finite element analysis

This paper presents a model for the optimum design of ship transverse frames. An elastic-plastic finite element analysis algorithm for plane frames has been incorporated in the model to evaluate the ultimate strength of the overall frame, and different effects of design loads. Using these strengths and load effects, appropriate design constraints are then formulated to prevent different failure categories; the overall collapse, ultimate limit state failures and serviceability failures. Possible instabilities and effects of combined loads are accounted for in formulating these constraints. Scantlings of the frame structure have been modelled as free design variables. The weight function and different constraint functions are then derived relating design variables in such a way that once parameters for finite element analysis are input, the scheme automatically forms the objective function and all constraints, and then interacts with the simplex algorithm through sequential linearization to find the optimum solution. Thus the scheme is almost automatic. Different layouts of the frame structure have been designed by executing this scheme, which demonstrates the capability of the model and the possibility of weight savings by choosing the appropriate layout. Finally, it is suggested how this model would interact with the design of longitudinal materials to ensure the overall optimality in ship hull module design, to prevent grillage buckling and to validate underlying assumptions in analysis.