TiO2粒径对TiO2/聚脲超疏水涂层机械稳定性和防覆冰性能的影响研究

目的 研究改性TiO2粒径对TiO2/聚脲超疏水涂层机械稳定性和防覆冰性能的影响，解决低温环境下风机叶片结冰问题。方法 采用有机无机粒子共混，以改性纳米TiO2和聚天门冬氨酸酯聚脲(PAE聚脲)为材料，利用一步法构建TiO2/PAE聚脲超疏水涂层。开展耐酸碱性、耐磨性、静态防覆冰、动态防覆冰、覆冰黏结强度等实验研究，并应用在真实风电场。结果 超疏水涂层的机械稳定性、防覆冰性能随着粒径增大而逐渐变差。当TiO2粉末粒径为100 nm时，接触角为(162.4±2.1)°，滚动角为(3.8±0.7)°;经过250次磨损，接触角为(158.8±0.31)°，滚动角为(7.3±0.1)°;经过14 d的酸碱耐候性实验，超疏水涂层仍具有超疏水性，酸性和碱性溶液皆会导致涂层受损，碱性溶液对涂层腐蚀作用更强;机械稳定性较强、防覆冰性能较优。涂有超疏水涂层的风机在冻雨天平均比空白风机平均多运行255 min，对一台2 MW机组来讲，相当于多产生8 500 kW.h的电能。结论 制备的超疏水涂层具备优良的机械稳定性与防覆冰性能，推动了超疏水涂层在风机叶片被动防覆冰领域的应用。

Effect of TiO2 Particle Size on the Mechanical Stability and Anti-icing Performance of TiO2/Polyurea Superhydrophobic Coatings

The status of wind power in China''s energy structure has risen to the third place, but 54% of unit downtime is caused by icing. For this reason, it is very important to carry out anti-icing work on wind turbine blades to ensure the safe operation of wind turbines. In prior research, scientists frequently utilized PTFE, PVDF, and polypyrrole polymers to produce hydrophobic coatings in order to address the icing issue of wind turbine blades. The drawbacks of these coatings included their high cost, lack of durability and biodegradability. To overcome the shortcomings of current methods, the work aims to introduce a robust superhydrophobic coating with exceptional durability, a straightforward preparation process, and significant anti-icing capabilities. It is designed to fulfill the outdoor operational demands of wind turbine blades. Additionally, the impact of four different TiO2 particle sizes on various properties of the coating was explored, including its linear abrasion resistance, acid and alkali resistance, anti-icing characteristics, and icing bond strength. Then, the comprehensive analysis was carried out to provide technical insights for preventing ice accumulation on wind turbines in icing-prone regions. Micro-nano composite superhydrophobic coating was developed with TiO2 nanoparticles and poly (aspartate) polyurea (PAE polyurea), and its mechanical stability and anti-icing performance were tested. The effect of the coating on ice coverage delay was examined during the freezing procedure. TiO2 particles of 100 nm exhibited a contact angle of 162.4° and a rolling angle of 3.8°, and the anti-icing performance and mechanical stability of the samples were better. The superhydrophobic coatings prepared by 100, 200, and 500 nm TiO2 still maintained good superhydrophobicity after 250 linear friction tests and the superhydrophobic coatings prepared by 1 µm TiO2 maintained a certain degree of hydrophobicity. The superhydrophobic coatings retained their excellent superhydrophobicity even after being immersed in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions for extended period. However, both acidic and alkaline solutions were corrosive to the coatings, and the alkaline solution had a relatively greater impact on the superhydrophobic performance of the samples with stronger corrosive effects. In the static anti-icing and dynamic anti-icing tests, the freezing time of water droplets showed a gradual increase with the further increase of TiO2 particle size. The superhydrophobic coating, featuring a particle size of 100 nm, boasted a maximum contact angle of 162.4° and a rolling angle of 3.8°, exhibiting superior superhy drophobicity and anti-icing performance. In the ice-adhesion strength test, the ice-binding power of superhydrophobic coating samples increased as temperature plummeted, but remained inferior to that of uncoated samples. In the wind farm anti-icing test, the superhydrophobic coated wind turbines operated for an average of 705 min during one day of freezing rain, which was 255 min more than that of blank wind turbines, and for a 2 MW unit, this was equivalent to generating about 8 500 kW∙h of additional electricity. Compared with the preparation cost, the superhydrophobic coating had a high economic benefit value. The robust superhydrophobic coatings prepared in this work have excellent hydrophobicity, mechanical stability and anti-icing performance, which are of some reference value for the study of superhydrophobic coatings and their practical application on wind turbine blades.