Evaluation of environmentally friendly lubricants for cold forging |
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| Authors: | Yoshihiro Sagisaka Itaru Ishibashi Tamotsu Nakamura Masahiro Sekizawa Yuh Sumioka Masahiro Kawano |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, 2078 Makigaya, Shizuoka 421-1298, Japan;2. Sumico Lubricant Co., Ltd., Kamikasada, Inabe-cho, Inabe 511-0207, Japan;3. Facility of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan;4. Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd., 100 Kanayama, Ichiriyama-cho, Kariya 448-8666, Japan;5. Zeno Tech Co., Ltd., 12-8 Toyohama-cho, Okayama 700-0853, Japan;1. Université Lille Nord de France, ENSCL, UMET, CNRS, UMR 8207, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France;2. Université Lille Nord de France, UVHC, TEMPo EA 4542, F-59313 Valenciennes, France;3. Université Lille Nord de France, EC Lille, LML, CNRS, UMR 8107, F-59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India;2. Department of Physics, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India;1. School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia;2. School of Material Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia;3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;1. Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The authors proposed double-layer-type environmentally friendly lubricants, which were composed of an undercoat, superior in adhering to a material, and an overcoat, superior in reducing the friction between the material and the die. The performance of these lubricants for cold forging was evaluated by the ring compression test, the combined forward rod-backward can extrusion-type friction test and the combined forward conical can-backward straight can extrusion-type friction test. The double-layer-type lubricants showed comparable friction characteristics and anti-pick-up properties to a conversion coating lubricant, when the film thickness and surface treatment before coating were improved. In a practical application by cold multistage forging, the double-layer-type lubricants showed a similar performance to a conversion coating lubricant. |
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