工业生物技术的研究现状与发展趋势

工业生物技术是以微生物或酶为催化剂进行物质转化，大规模生产人类所需的化学品、医药、能源、材料等，是解决人类目前面临的资源、能源及环境危机的有效手段.世界经合组织指出：“工业生物技术是工业可持续发展最有希望的技术”.本文指出工业生物技术的新崛起，并已成为发达国家的重要科技与产业发展战略.概述了工业生物技术的发展现状与趋势，特别在生物能源、生物材料以及生物质资源化方面.介绍了工业生物技术的关键问题是：（1）微生物资源库和微生物功能基因组学技术；（2）生物催化剂快速定向改造新技术；（3）重要工业微生物的代谢工程.展望了我国工业生物技术发展前景.

PROGRESS AND TREND OF INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Industrial biotechnology is to produce chemicals, medicines, materials and energy at a large scale by using biological or enzymatic processes.It is considered to be one of efficient methods to solve problems of resource, energy and environment.OECD recently pointed out that industrial biotechnology is one of the most promising technologies for sustainable development.Studies of industrial biotechnology have emerged and have been the development strategy of science and industry in the developed country.The progress and trend of industrial biotechnology, especially technology of bioenergy, biomaterial and utilization of biomass resource, are reviewed.The common key questions of industrial biotechnology are summarized as follows:(1)the pool of microbial resource and functional genomics of microbe;(2)effective methods for improving biocatalyst performance under industrial conditions;(3)metabolic engineering of important industrial microbes.The prospect of industrial biotechnology development in China is given.