The Response of Phytoseiulus persimilis to Spider Mite-Induced Volatiles from Gerbera: Influence of Starvation and Experience |
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| Authors: | O E Krips P E L Willems R Gols M A Posthumus M Dicke |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands;(2) Present address: Nunhems Zaden bv, Voort 6, 6083 AC Nunhem, The Netherlands;(3) Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, c, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | When leaves of the ornamental crop Gerbera jamesonii are damaged by the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, they produce many volatile compounds in large quantities. Undamaged gerbera leaves produce only a few volatiles in very small quantities. In the headspace of spider mite-damaged gerbera leaves many terpenoids are present, comprising 65% of the volatile blend. In addition, a number of nitrogen containing compounds, such as oximes and nitriles, are produced.We studied the attraction of P. persimilis to the volatiles from spider mite-damaged gerbera leaves and how attraction is affected by starvation and previous experience. Phytoseiulus persimilis that were reared on spider mites (T. urticae) on Lima bean were not attracted to spider mite-induced volatiles from gerbera. Starvation did not influence the predator's response to these volatiles. In contrast, predators that were reared on spider mites on gerbera leaves were strongly attracted to volatiles from spider mite-infested gerbera. This was found also for predators that originated from a culture on spider mite-infested bean and were offered six days of experience with spider mites on gerbera leaves. |
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| Keywords: | Herbivore-induced synomones infochemicals semiochemicals learning biological control prey location behavior Acarina Phytoseiulus persimilis Tetranychus urticae Gerbera jamesonii |
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