影响喷气燃料与橡胶相容性的因素

采用几种具有不同初始物理性能及不同丙烯腈含量、不同硫化剂和硫化程度的丁腈橡胶，考察了其配方和物理性能对采用不同工艺条件生产的喷气燃料的相容性。结果表明，喷气燃料与橡胶的相容性不仅与喷气燃料的加工工艺有关，而且与橡胶的组成及其制备工艺有关。采用非加氢工艺生产的喷气燃料与橡胶的相容性好于采用加氢工艺(特别是加氢裂化工艺)生产的喷气燃料。橡胶材料的初始力学性能的好坏并不完全决定其与喷气燃料相容性的好坏，橡胶材料的耐过氧化物侵蚀能力才是影响相容性好坏的主要因素。橡胶的组成和其制备工艺决定了橡胶在喷气燃料中萃取物的数量和组成，不同萃取物的综合作用给相容性带来不同程度的影响。用硫作硫化剂的橡胶虽然原始强度低于用过氧化物作硫化剂的橡胶，但前者与喷气燃料的相容性却远好于后者。

INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THE COMPATIBILITY OF JET FUELS WITH RUBBERS

Several kinds of nitrile rubbers having different primary physical properties and different content of acrylonitrile and vulcanizing agent as well as different state of curing were used in test.The compatibility of nitrile rubbers having different composition and physical properties with jet fuels processed by various processing method was examined.The test results showed that the compatibility of jet fuels with the rubbers was not only related to the processing of jet fuels,but also to the composition and the process technology of rubbers.The compatibility of the rubbers with jet fuels processed by non hydrogenation process was better than those by hydroprocessing(especially by hydrocracking).The original physical properties of rubber are not the decisive factor relating to the compatibility.The ability of rubber resisting the peroxide attack is a main factor affecting the compatibility.The amount and composition of the extracts formed in jet fuels depend on the composition and also the production process of rubber.The combined effects on compatibility caused by various extracts from different kinds of rubber will be positive or negative.Although the original strength of rubber with sulfur as vulcanizer is lower than that with peroxide as vulcanizer,the compatibility of the former with jet fuels is much better than that of the latter.