Natural organic matter (NOM) fouling in low pressure membrane filtration — effect of membranes and operation modes |
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| Authors: | Eun Kyung Lee Vicki Chen AG Fane |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea;2. Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea;1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China;2. Department of Water Quality Control, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;3. Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Schwarzenbergstr. 95 E, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region''s Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of operating modes, membrane materials and pore size on natural organic matter (NOM) fouling. A range of flat sheet microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were tested under conditions of various constant pressure and constant flux filtration modes. Based on experimental filtration profiles, molecular weight (MW) distributions of NOM obtained using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and autopsies of fouled membranes using force emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), it was concluded that medium to low MW component of NOM (300–1,000 Da) is responsible for the initiation of fouling, where bulk of the fouling observed is due to very high MW ‘colloidal’ NOM (>50,000 Da). This two stage fouling phenomenon was in good agreement with classical blocking laws. As a general observation hydrophilic membranes were less prone to NOM fouling. A comparison of constant pressure and constant flux tests confirmed that modest constant flux, as used in industry, provided the most beneficial conditions. |
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