铅侧吹氧化熔炼过程热力学模拟与优化

使用FactSage软件，对铅侧吹氧化熔炼过程进行热力学模拟，计算的平衡相组成与实际产出情况相吻合，验证了热力学分析的可行性。考察了氧料比、熔炼温度对元素在各平衡相中分配比的影响。研究结果表明，提高氧料比，铅、铜等有价元素进入高铅渣的比例，炉料的脱硫效果更好，但铅液杂质含量也会相应增大；提升熔炼温度，对降低渣含硫及提高粗铅品位更有利，但较高的温度会加剧铅、锌等有价元素的挥发。利用宏过程进行批量平衡计算，以实现过程优化控制。在粗铅及高铅渣的质量达到期望值的条件下，综合考虑有价元素直收率及烟尘率，对该工艺进行了优化。建议铅侧吹氧化熔炼过程中氧料比控制在124 m3/t，熔炼温度控制在1 067 ℃左右。 

Thermodynamic simulation and optimization of lead side blowing oxidation smelting process

Thermodynamic simulation of lead side-blowing oxidation smelting process was carried out by FactSage software. The calculated equilibrium phase composition was consistent with the actual output, which verified the feasibility of thermodynamic analysis. The effects of oxygen-to-feed ratio and melting temperature on the distribution ratio of elements among each equilibrium phase were studied. The results showed that with the increase of oxygen-to-feed ratio, the proportion of valuable elements such as lead and copper into high lead slag will raise, and the desulfurization effect of furnace charge will be better, but at the same time, the impurity content in lead liquid will rise correspondingly; Increasing the smelting temperature is beneficial to reduce the sulfur content of slag and improve the grade of crude lead. But higher temperature will aggravate the volatilization of valuable metal elements such as lead and zinc. The lead side-blowing oxidation smelting could be controlled, by using the macro process to calculate batch balance. Under the condition that the quality of crude lead and high-lead slag reaches the desired value, the process is optimized via comprehensively considering the direct yield of valuable elements and the soot rate. It is suggested that the oxygen-to-feed ratio should be controlled at about 124 m3/t and the smelting temperature at about 1 067 ℃.