Sorption cooling: A valid extension to passive cooling |
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| Authors: | DJ Doornink JF Burger HJM ter Brake |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dutch Space B.V., P.O. Box 32070, 2303 DB Leiden, The Netherlands;2. Low Temperature Division, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan;2. Aeronautical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan;1. Department of Energy Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;2. School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia;3. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia;1. Cryogenics Science Center, Applied Research Laboratory, KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan;2. Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory, Division of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and System Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea;3. Energy Plant Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue, NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA;2. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA |
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| Abstract: | Passive cooling has shown to be a very dependable cryogenic cooling method for space missions. Several missions employ passive radiators to cool down their delicate sensor systems for many years, without consuming power, without exporting vibrations or producing electromagnetic interference. So for a number of applications, passive cooling is a good choice. At lower temperatures, the passive coolers run into limitations that prohibit accommodation on a spacecraft. The approach to this issue has been to find a technology able to supplement passive cooling for lower temperatures, which maintains as much as possible of the advantages of passive coolers.Sorption cooling employs a closed cycle Joule–Thomson expansion process to achieve the cooling effect. Sorption cells perform the compression phase in this cycle. At a low temperature and pressure, these cells adsorb the working fluid. At a higher temperature they desorb the fluid and thus produce a high-pressure flow to the expander in the cold stage. The sorption process selected for this application is of the physical type, which is completely reversible. It does not suffer from degradation as is the case with chemical sorption of, e.g., hydrogen in metal hydrides. Sorption coolers include no moving parts except for some check valves, they export neither mechanical vibrations nor electromagnetic interference, and are potentially very dependable due to their simplicity. The required cooling temperature determines the type of working fluid to be applied. Sorption coolers can be used in conjunction with passive cooling for heat rejection at different levels.This paper starts with a brief discussion on applications of passive coolers in different types of orbits and on the limitations of passive cooling for lower cooling temperatures.Next, the working principle of sorption cooling is summarized. The DARWIN mission is chosen as an example application of sorption and passive cooling and special attention is paid to the reduction of the radiator area needed by the sorption cooler.The application field of this type of sorption cooling in space missions is currently being expanded by examining the performance of alternative working fluids, suitable for different cooling temperatures. |
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