铝基水反应活性材料制备及其性能研究

为提高铝粉与海水的反应效率和速率，在惰性氛围下，采用高能球磨法通过多次变速循环工艺制备得到了铝基水反应活性材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪、比表面测试等分析表征材料的微观结构和氧化性能；采用自主设计的金属/水反应装置，实时记录铝基水反应金属材料与海水反应产生的氢气量，研究铝基水反应活性材料的活性。研究结果表明：高能球磨能提高铝基材料与海水的反应活性，铝粉经过球磨后反应效率达到原先的2倍；球磨过程中添加剂铋的添加能进一步提高铝基水反应材料的活性；反应总产率能够达到71.2%，其快速期氢气产生反应速率为210.7 mL/(min·g)。制备的铝基水反应活性材料在高能水反应金属燃料推进剂和制氢领域都具有应用价值。

Preparation and Hydro-reactivity of Ball-milled Aluminum-based Hydro-reactive Metal Materials

To enhance the efficiency and rate of aluminum/seawater reaction, a high-energy milling method was used to prepare Al-based hydro-reactive materials via a multiple variable speed cycle process. Scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry and specific surface test are used to characterize the microstructure and oxidation characteristics of the materials. The amount of hydrogen produced by reaction between Al-based materials and seawater is recorded in real-time using an metal/water reaction device. The hydro-reactivity of Al-based hydro-reactive metal materials is studied. The research results show that the high-energy milling can significantly enhance the reaction activity of Al-based materials and seawater. The reaction efficiency of aluminum powder after ball milling is two times of its original reaction efficiency. Addition of bismuth in the process of ball milling can further enhance the reaction activity of Al-based hydro-reactive materials. The total yield of reaction can reach 71.2%. The reaction rate of hydrogen generation in the fast stage is 210.7 mL/(min·g). The prepared Al-based hydro-reactive metal materials are very promising for hydrogen production and high energy hydro-reactive metal fuel propellants.