Effect of Formulation on Physicochemical Properties and Water Status of Nutritionally Enriched Fresh Pasta |
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Authors: | Eleonora Carini Elena Curti Elisabetta Spotti Elena Vittadini |
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Affiliation: | 1.Università Telematica San Raffaele Roma,Rome,Italy;2.Food Technology, Department of Industrial Engineering,University of Parma,Parma,Italy;3.Stazione Sperimentale per l’Industria delle conserve Alimentari,Parma,Italy |
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Abstract: | A standard fresh pasta formulation (STD, the control sample) was modified by introducing soy and carrot ingredients both in
dry and in liquid forms (soy and carrot flour and soy milk and carrot juice) to obtain eight nutritionally enriched fresh
pasta samples with different formulations. The effect of formulation on selected physicochemical properties and water status
of fresh pasta were studied. Colour, texture (force at rupture and extensibility), and cooking loss were found significantly
affected by the formulation. Soy and carrot decreased the force at rupture and extensibility of fresh pasta and increased
the solids loss during cooking. Improper gluten network development due to either a steric hindrance of soy and carrot solids
or improper water availability for gluten hydration due to different water–solid interaction developed were hypothesized.
Soy and carrot ingredients significantly altered the water dynamics in the pasta matrix at different space-time levels (macroscopic,
moisture content and water activity; macromolecular, frozen water content; molecular, proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry)
of fresh pasta in a manner dependent upon the physical state of the added ingredient. Soy flour increased both the frozen
water content and the overall proton mobility (1H FID, 1H T
1 and T
2) of fresh pasta while these parameters did not markedly differed from STD when soy milk was used. The presence of both carrot
flour and carrot juice decreased significantly the frozen water content of fresh pasta but, at a molecular level, carrot flour
altered the proton molecular mobility, while carrot juice did not. |
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Keywords: | |
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