土壤重金属污染修复技术研究进展

近年来随着社会经济的快速发展，土壤受重金属污染问题日益显著，土壤污染不仅对整个土壤圈层造成危害，而且对其它各大圈层也造成一定的影响，如水体污染、空气污染等.其污染源主要分为自然源和人工源2大类，所涉及到的重金属元素主要有Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Zn、Cu、Ni等元素，如何有效地治理土壤重金属污染对农产品安全和人类健康发展具有重要意义.因此文中从土壤重金属污染来源，国内外土壤修复研究现状，土壤重金属污染修复技术的研究进展几个方面阐述，目前土壤重金属污染修复所采用的技术主要有物理修复、化学修复、生物修复、农业生态修复以及联合修复技术，阐述各修复技术的原理、适用条件、应用实例并分析其优点和不足，其中最为常用的修复手段为生物修复，而联合修复因具备其它单一修复技术所不具备的优越性，可以作为今后在土壤修复领域的重点发展方向，以期为我国受污染土壤的治理借鉴经验. 

Advances in remediation techniques for heavy metal pollution in soil

In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, the problem of soil polluted by heavy metals is becoming more and more obvious.Soil pollution not only causes harm to the whole soil circle, but also has certain influence on other large circles, such as water pollution.Air pollution, etc.The pollution sources can be divided into natural and artificial sources.The heavy metal elements involved are mainly Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Zn、Cu、Ni and so on.How to effectively control soil heavy metal pollution is of great significance to the safety of agricultural products and the healthy development of human beings.In this paper, the sources of soil heavy metal pollution, the status quo of soil remediation research at home and abroad, and the research progress of soil heavy metal pollution remediation technology are described in this paper.At present, the main technologies used in soil heavy metal pollution remediation are physical remediation.Chemical remediation, bioremediation, agroecological remediation and combined remediation technology.The principles, applicable conditions, application examples and advantages and disadvantages of each remediation technique are described.Among them, bioremediation is the most commonly used method.Because of the superiority of other single remediation techniques, joint remediation can be regarded as the key development direction in the field of soil remediation in the future, in order to learn from the experience of the treatment of contaminated soil in China.