大气颗粒物对能见度影响的研究进展

全球陆地的大气能见度在过去数十年间呈普遍降低的趋势,其中亚洲的大气能见度在过去十年降低幅度最大。在中国,与能见度密切相关的PM2.5和雾-霾污染近年来受到了广泛的关注。本文在概要介绍大气能见度影响因素的基础上,主要综述PM2.5质量浓度及化学组成与能见度之间的定量关系研究进展。其中着重介绍美国IMPROVE化学消光算法的建立与修正,以及基于该消光算法得出的美国各地区PM2.5各化学物种对大气消光贡献的变化。最后简述国内近十年的相关研究情况,包括主要的研究结果和开展的重要研究计划。

Recent Progress in Research on Impact of Atmospheric Particulate Matters on Visibility

Clear sky visibility has been found to decrease over land globally for the past several decades.The largest decreases have been in Asia, and these decreases have accelerated over the past decade. In China, fine particle pollution and fog-haze, which are closely related to visibility, have raised intensive concerns in recent years. In this review, on a basis of introduction of the factors affecting atmospheric visibility, quantitative relationships between visibility and PM2.5 mass concentration and chemical composition are reviewed, with a focus on the development and revision of IMPROVE extinction algorithm, and major results in different regions in the United States of America based on its applications. Finally, the related researches conducted in China in last ten years are briefly summarized, including the major findings and some important research programs.