PolyHIPE: IPNs, hybrids, nanoscale porosity, silica monoliths and ICP-based sensors

Typical polyHIPE (porous polymers from high internal phase emulsions) have a cellular structure with volume fractions from 0.2 to 0.04, cell diameters from 15 to 25 μm and intercellular pore diameters from 0.5 to 10 μm. Unique interpenetrating polymer networks synthesized within the polyHIPE exhibited enhanced mechanical properties and an extended temperature range for damping. Hybrid polyHIPE that combine an inorganic polysilsesquioxane network with an organic polystyrene network exhibited superior high temperature mechanical properties and enhanced thermal stability. A nanoscale porosity in the cell walls, produced through the addition of a porogen to the HIPE, reduced the density and significantly enhanced the specific surface area. Porous silica monoliths with silica volume fractions of as low as 0.02 were produced through the pyrolysis of hybrid polyHIPE. PolyHIPE coated with an intrinsically conducting polymer exhibited reversible and repeatable changes in conductivity on exposure to acetone vapor, demonstrating their potential as sensor materials.