Hypoxia-induced pathways in breast cancer |
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Authors: | Goonewardene T I Sowter H M Harris A L |
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Affiliation: | Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Oxford, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. |
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Abstract: | Hypoxia, a common consequence of solid tumor growth in breast cancer and other cancers, serves to propagate a cascade of molecular pathways which include angiogenesis, glycolysis, and alterations in microenvironmental pH. Hypoxia-inducible factors, heterodimeric DNA binding complexes composed of two subunits, provide critical regulation of this response. This review presents a synopsis of the genes induced by hypoxia in the context of breast cancer and discusses how upregulation of HIF-1 activity, and the homologous factor HIF-2, are not only fundamental for the adaptation to hypoxia but also may be critical for tumor progression. |
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Keywords: | hypoxia HIF-1 HIF-2 angiogenesis glycolysis carbonic anhydrases |
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