Inhibitory effects of odor substances,geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol,on early development of sea urchins |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252, Japan;2. Biological Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252, Japan;3. Division of Mutagenicity Test, Japan Bioassay Laboratory, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa 257, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China;3. Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH-ZEA, Julich 52425, Germany;4. Nation Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources, Shanghai 200082, China;5. School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;1. Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China;3. Food and Drug Anti-doping Laboratory, China Anti-Doping Agency, Beijing 100029, China;1. Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Earth Science, Utrecht University, 3584-CD, Netherlands;3. Green School, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;1. Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China;2. Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Poland;1. UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia;2. bioMASS Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia;3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada;4. Australian Water Quality Centre (AWQC) – South Australian Water Corporation (SA Water), Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Geosmin (1α,10β-dimethyl-9α-decanol) and 2-methylisoborneol ((1-R-exo)-1,2,7,7-tetramethyl-bicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptan-2-ol) (MIB) are volatile terpene derivatives, and have received a great deal of attention because they can cause musty/muddy off-flavor in water and food resources. By the Ames test, these metabolites showed no mutagenicity but antimicrobial activity toward tester strains. While these compounds are produced by various organisms living in aquatic environments, there are few reports of their effects on aquatic organisms. The effects of geosmin and MIB on sea urchin development were examined. The estimated IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) values for the formation of the fertilization membrane were 16.67 mg geosmin l−1 and 68.77 mg MIB l−1; those for the cell cleavage were 16.58 mg geosmin l−1 and 66.86 mg MIB l−1, suggesting that the toxicity of geosmin and MIB toward sea urchins are comparable to their toxicity toward Salmonella tester strains in the Ames test. These values are far greater than concentrations of these substances observed in aquatic environments with severe muddy off-flavor problems. |
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