The effect of temperature and radiation on flavonol aglycones and flavonol glycosides of kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) |
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Authors: | Susanne Neugart Hans-Peter Kläring Michaela Zietz Monika Schreiner Sascha Rohn Lothar W Kroh Angelika Krumbein |
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Affiliation: | 1. Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/ Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany;2. Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany;3. University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | The winter crop kale has a complex profile of different glycosylated and acylated flavonol glycosides which may be affected by global warming. To the best of our knowledge, compound–climate relationships for flavonol aglycones and flavonol glycosides were established for the first time. The investigated 10 major flavonol glycosides responded structure-dependent in the investigated temperature range between 0 and 12 °C and the photosynthetic active radiation range between 4 and 20 mol m−2 d−1, e.g. the decrease in temperature led to an increase in sinapic acid monoacylated and diacylated quercetin glycosides, while the sinapic acid monoacylated kaempferol glycosides showed a maximum at 4.5 °C. Furthermore, the hydroxycinnamic acid residues and the different number of glucose moieties in the 7-O position affected the response of kaempferol triglucosides. Consequently, global warming would result in lower concentrations of antioxidant-relevant quercetin glycosides in winter crops, suggesting a production at e.g. higher altitudes due to lower temperature. |
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Keywords: | Kale Flavonol aglycones Flavonol glycosides Temperature Radiation |
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