化学法制备电极用超细铜粉

以CuSO4溶液为原料，采用NaOH沉淀-葡萄糖预还原-水合肼还原工艺（简称两步液相还原法）制得了粒度均匀可控、分散性好、适用于陶瓷电容器电极的球形超细铜粉。实验研究了葡萄糖预还原、水合肼的添加方式以及添加剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和NH4Cl对超细铜粉粒度和形貌的影响。结果表明，葡萄糖预还原和水合肼的分步添加均有利于超细铜粒子的均匀生长，适量PVP的加入有助于超细铜粉粒径均匀并使其形貌趋于一致，NH4Cl可使铜粉的粒径变小，当Cu与NH4Cl的摩尔比为1∶1时铜粉的形貌会由类球形向正多面体转变。

Chemical Preparation of Ultrafine Copper Powders for Electrode

The ultrafine copper powder was prepared by NaOH precipitation-glucose pre-reduction and hydrate hydrazine reduction process with CuSO4 as material. The superfine copper powder was spheroid, uniform and well-dispersed, which could be used for electrode. The effect of glucose pre-reduction, hydrate hydrazine reduction process and additive agents of PVP and NH4Cl on copper powder was studied. The result showed that glucose pre-reduction and adding hydrate hydrazine twice could make copper particles equably grow; PVP was benefit to the uniformity and sphericity of copper powder; the molar ratio n（Cu）∶n（NH4Cl） had remarkable influence on the particle size and shape. With the increasing of NH4Cl, the copper particles become smaller, and when the molar ratio of n（Cu）∶n（NH4Cl） was 1∶1, the copper particles turned spheroid to polyhedron.