防疫视角下城市社区安全治理与设施嵌套体系初探

2020年春节之际的新型冠状病毒在 全国范围内引发了重大突发性公共卫生事件， 在组织管控、医疗救护、社区防疫的全民防护 过程中，社区在疫情防控、健康生活维系、社 区集体心理疏导以及社区文化和精神凝聚方 面承担了重要的责任。因此，基于社会生活组 织网络体系的城市居住社会及其空间单元， 对于城市社会可持续发展和应对突发性重大 公共事件，具有不可忽视的社会韧性价值与 属性特征。从规划的全局观反思，基于多元主 体和治理理念，规划除了预留出应对突发事 件的城市安全预留用地，同时，基于城市社会 属性特征，更要注重建构以人为本、与城市社 会组织结构匹配的“生态链—防控链—组织 链—流通链”安全防护体系，强化基层安全防 控的“安全空间单元”，进而基于安全防护体系 下原有配套设施系统如何更好适应疫情防护 需求，形成既有设施与疫情防控需求的弹性 设施嵌套体系，又能在全民医疗和健康体系的 框架之下充分考虑城市居住社区基层防护的社会价值和潜在的可能性。本文基于疫情防控的视角，从城市社会的基本属性出发，论述了基于疫 情防控的社区安全系统的建构及其防控规划体系与常态化规划建设的设施嵌套关系。

Thoughts on Prevention and Control of Urban Community Safety and Nesting System of Facilities from the Perspective of Epidemic Situation

The national response to novel coronavirus induced by major public health emergencies in the Spring Festival of 2020 was organized by the community in terms of organizational control, medical rescue and community protection. The community has undertaken important functions such as epidemic prevention and control, healthy life maintenance, community collective psychological guidance, and community culture and spiritual cohesion. Therefore, based on the social life organization network system, the urban residential society and its spatial units have the value and attribute characteristics of social resilience for the sustainable development of urban society and the response to unexpected major public events. From the perspective of overall planning, planning should not only deal with all kinds of emergencies, but also reserve the reserved land for urban safety, and more importantly, based on the characteristics of urban social attributes, build a people-oriented safety protection system matching the urban social organization structure. The social value and potential possibility of the protection of the basic units of the urban residential community should be fully considered under the framework of the national health service system. Based on the perspective of epidemic prevention and control, this paper discusses the construction of community security system based on epidemic prevention and control and the nested relationship between the prevention and control planning system and the normalization planning and construction from the basic attributes of urban society. The research shows that in the structure of social and economic life, different groups of people are organized into a chain of links, forming a social ecological chain, which constitutes people''s relationship and behavior characteristics. Therefore, we should build a community safety system which adapts to the community organization structure and the epidemic prevention spatial characteristics based on the city behavior and the epidemic transmission mode. Specifically, it includes four aspects: the first one is the community prevention and control plan based on the virus transmission way; the second one is the safety space demand based on the characteristics of the crowd; the third one is the space structure system based on the community protection; the fourth is the grass-roots safety prevention and control unit, namely the neighborhood. In addition, based on the community security system of epidemic prevention and control,the corresponding community prevention and control planning system is constructed, including five aspects: the first one is the control system of epidemic prevention organization, including its command system, lifeline project and prevention and control plan; the second one is the epidemic prevention space network structure composed of transportation system and main protection space to meet special needs; the third one is a docking and matching medical assistance prevention and control system, which can meet the supply of epidemic prevention materials and meet the traffic and transportation system of emergency evacuation and emergency diversion prevention and control; the fourth one is to meet the logistics and supply of life, as well as the prevention and control system of home living space with smooth information, publicity and psychological guidance; the fifth one is to deal with the life assistance of the elderly and children who are hospitalized and isolated while at home social emergency rescue plan. At the same time, the corresponding index system is formed and nested matching is carried out in combination with the specific index of residential area specification, and the facilities for epidemic prevention and control are integrated and utilized in combination with its elastic characteristics. It also should strengthen the emergency response ability of community health space system and its elastic adaptive characteristics. In addition, it should provide community prevention and control plan and action plan.