紫云英籽油超声-微波协同提取及脂肪酸组成分析

采用超声-微波协同提取法提取紫云英籽油并测定其脂肪酸组成。在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面(RSM)分析法,对紫云英籽油提取条件进行优化,并用气相色谱 ( GC) 分析了紫云英籽油脂肪酸组成。结果表明,对紫云英油的提取影响由大到小依次为提取时间、液料比、微波功率。超声-微波协同提取法提取紫云英籽油的优化工艺条件为：提取时间152 s、微波功率204 W和液料比10 mL.g^-1 ,紫云英籽油的出油率为31.52%。紫云英籽油达到食用植物油国家标准。紫云英籽油共检测到20种脂肪酸,主要成分为油酸(13.24%)、亚油酸(37.58%)、亚麻酸(30.03%)、硬脂酸(3.48%)、棕榈酸(10.56%)、芥酸(1.11%)。其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为82.83%。亚油酸与α-亚麻酸的比值为1.25。本研究为紫云英籽油的开发利用提供了科学依据和技术参考。

Study on Microwave-ultrasound Assisted Extraction process and fatty acid composition of Astragalus sinicus seed oil

The astragalus sinicus seed oil was extracted by microwave-ultrasound assisted extracts technique and was determined the composition of fatty acids.The extracting condition was optimized using response surface analysis (RSM) method based on single factor experiments.The fatty acid composition of astragalus sinicus seed oil was studied by GC analysis.The results showed that the significant of the effects of these factors on the oil extraction efficiency decreaseed in the order:extraction time> liquid to material ratio>microwave power.The optimum extraction conditions are: the petroleum ether as extraction solven, ratio of raw material and solution 10 mL.g^-1, extraction time 152 s, microwave power 204 W, and the maximum extraction efficiency of astragalus sinicus seed oil could reach 31.52%.The astragalus sinicus seed oil meets the national standard of edible vegetable oil.The astragalus sinicus seed oil were detected 20 kinds of fatty acids.The main fatty acids of astragalus sinicus seed oil were oleic acid (13.24%), linoleic acid (37.58%), linolenic acid (30.03%), stearic acid (3.48%), palmitic acid (10.56%) and erucic acid (1.11%). The relative content of unsaturated fatty acids is 82.83%.The ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid is 1.25.This study provides a scientific basis and technical reference for the development and utilization of astragalus sinicus seed oil.