文蛤特异性过敏原免疫识别的初步研究

目的：贝类是人类最优质的食用蛋白资源之一，也是联合国粮农组织公布的八大类过敏食物之一，贝类过敏反应严重影响着过敏人群的身体健康和生活质量，为此开展贝类过敏原的识别检测研究很有必要。方法：通过问卷调查初步了解食物过敏现状，获取自诉贝类过敏患者血清和正常人阴性对照血清，采用特异性IgE 检测试剂盒筛选贝类过敏血清，应用组织捣碎提取蛋白、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和免疫印迹等实验方法研究文蛤特异性过敏原。结果：文蛤肌肉主要蛋白的相对分子量约为200kD 以上、200、90、80、70、46、36 和24kD，其中能被贝类过敏血清特异性识别的90kD 组分约占文蛤肌肉总蛋白的10%～20%，且主要为盐溶性蛋白。结论：文蛤的特异性过敏原为90kD 蛋白组分。

Pilot Study on Immunoassay of Specific Allergen of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus

Objective: Shellfish is one of the best edible proteins for human. It is also commonly identified as a source of food hypersensitivity, and ingestion of shellfish may cause severe allergic reactions such as anaphylactic shock. The potential risk of shellfish allergy is worth paying more attentions. Method: Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus was selected as the material, and the muscle protein was extracted with a triturator. Nine cases of shellfish-allergic serum and six cases of normal serum were obtained through questionnaire survey and identified with allergen kit. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were applied to identify the components and characterizations of specific allergen of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus. Results: There are eight sections of protein with relative molecular weight of more than 200 kD, 200, 90, 80, 70, 46, 36, and 24 kD in SDS-PAGE, respectively. Eight cases of shellfishallergic serum show IgE-binding capacity to the protein with relative molecular weight of 90 kD in Western blotting. The 90-kD protein accounts for 10% to 20% of the muscle protein of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, and mainly is salt-soluble protein. Conclusion: The specific allergenic component in Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus is identified as a 90-kD protein.