南水北调中线工程智能调控与应急调度关键技术

南水北调中线工程具有输水线路长、涉及区域广、参与工程多、调水规模大、输水工况多变等特点,给工程的调度、控制和运行管理带来极大困难。工程上技术的难题在于其背后的科学机理性问题并没有完全揭示和解决,包括变化条件下多水源联合多维均衡调控机制、水量水质多过程耦合机理、多物质突发水污染应急调度模式、多闸门联合运用下的明渠水力学响应机理与控制等。为建立一套完备的技术体系来支撑其调度运行,围绕"预报-调度-模拟-控制-评价"这五个关键环节对现有研究进行分类总结;然后,在综述以往研究不足的基础上,对亟需攻关的关键技术进行了详细阐释,涵盖了水源区与受水区预报调度、总干渠冰水污染多相模拟、总干渠水量水质联合调度、中线全线自动化控制技术、调度评价技术与平台建设等多个方面;最后,文章讨论了实现中线智能调控和应急调度亟待解决的科学问题,并进行了研究总结。

Key technologies of intelligent control and emergency regulation for the Middle Route of South to North Water Diversion Project

The Middle Route of South to North Water Diversion Project (MRP) has long canals, involves many areas and hydraulic structures, transfers water by a huge amount, and has various working conditions. These all bring great difficulties to the regulation, control, and management of the project. The technical problem of the engineering lies in the fact that the scientific and mechanism problems behind it are not fully revealed and solved, including multi-dimensional equilibrium control mechanism of multiple water sources under changing conditions, multi-process coupling mechanism of water quantity and water quality, emergency scheduling model for multi-material water pollution, hydraulic response mechanism and control of open channel under multi-gate joint application. In order to establish a complete set of technical system to support its scheduling, this paper summarizes the existing research on the five key points of forecast, scheduling, simulation, control, and evaluation. And on the basis of summarizing the previous research, the key technologies awaiting urgent research are explained in detail, including forecast and scheduling in water source areas and water-receiving areas, multi-phase simulation of water pollution, water quality and water quality control, automatic control technology, evaluation technology, and platform construction. Finally, the paper discusses the scientific problems to be solved in order to realize the intelligent regulation and emergency regulation for the MRP and makes a summary of the research.