GeoDTN<Emphasis Type="Bold">+</Emphasis>Nav: Geographic DTN Routing with Navigator Prediction for Urban Vehicular Environments |
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Authors: | Pei-Chun Cheng Kevin C Lee Mario Gerla Jérôme Härri |
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Affiliation: | (1) Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;(2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany |
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Abstract: | Position-based routing has proven to be well suited for highly dynamic environment such as Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET)
due to its simplicity. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) and Greedy Perimeter Coordinator Routing (GPCR) both use
greedy algorithms to forward packets by selecting relays with the best progress towards the destination or use a recovery
mode in case such solutions fail. These protocols could forward packets efficiently given that the underlying network is fully
connected. However, the dynamic nature of vehicular network, such as vehicle density, traffic pattern, and radio obstacles
could create unconnected networks partitions. To this end, we propose GeoDTN+Nav, a hybrid geographic routing solution enhancing
the standard greedy and recovery modes exploiting the vehicular mobility and on-board vehicular navigation systems to efficiently
deliver packets even in partitioned networks. GeoDTN+Nav outperforms standard geographic routing protocols such as GPSR and
GPCR because it is able to estimate network partitions and then improves partitions reachability by using a store-carry-forward
procedure when necessary. We propose a virtual navigation interface (VNI) to provide generalized route information to optimize
such forwarding procedure. We finally evaluate the benefit of our approach first analytically and then with simulations. By
using delay tolerant forwarding in sparse networks, GeoDTN+Nav greatly increases the packet delivery ratio of geographic routing
protocols and provides comparable routing delay to benchmark DTN algorithms. |
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