聚丙烯腈基超细碳纤维毡的制备及其表征

采用静电纺丝法制备了不同黏均分子质量(Mη)的聚丙烯腈(PAN)超细纤维毡,并通过280℃预氧化和900℃碳化进一步制备超细碳纤维毡。讨论了Mη对纤维制备的影响,发现PAN的Mη大于3×105则不利于静电纺丝,小于5×104则纤维毡发脆,无法进一步加工处理成碳纤维毡。用场发射扫描电镜、红外光谱、X-射线衍射对纤维毡进行表征,结果表明:随着PAN相对分子质量的升高,碳纤维的直径和得率增大。此外,抗拉强度测试表明:随着相对分子质量的增大,超细碳纤维毡的抗拉强度增加。

Preparation and Characterization of PAN Superfine Carbon Fiber Mats

PAN superfine carbon fiber mats with different viscosity-average molecular weight （Mη） were fabricated by means of electrospinning, and then preoxidized at 280 ℃ and carbonized at 900℃. The effects of PAN molecular weight on the preparation of fiber mats were discussed in detail. It was found that fiber mats could not be obtained through electrospinning if Mη was more than 3×10^5, and superfine carbon fiber mats could be britvleness when Mη was less than 5×10^4. The fiber mats were further characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope （FESEM）, IR spectrum and XRD pattern. The results exhibited that fiber diameter and the yield rate of carbon fibers were increased with Mη rising. The analysis of fiber＇s tensile strength showed that the fiber mats＇ tensile strength was increased with Mη rising.