国内外垃圾渗滤液中有害有机污染物筛查综述

垃圾渗滤液中物质的种类和浓度与垃圾填埋场地条件、填埋物种类和垃圾处理方法有密切关系。国内外对于垃圾渗滤液中有害有机物有多种分类法,按物质结构可以分为脂肪烃类、单环芳烃类、酚类、多环芳烃类、邻苯二甲酸酯类;按污染物源的用途可分为农用类、医用类、电子元件类等。许多污染物对人类有致癌、致畸、致突变作用,或为内分泌干扰物,影响人类健康安全。目前国内对这些在地下水中含量甚微但危害巨大的有机污染物的限制规定很少。为此,探讨了一些危害严重污染物的限制标准。建议今后在地下水有机污染调查研究中,应有针对性地着重研究此类污染物,相关部门应加强管理,防止地下水受到此类物质污染。

Review on Screening of Harmful Organic Pollutants in Leachate of Municipal Solid Waste in China and Other Countries

The material types and concentration in waste leachate are affected deeply by field conditions of landfill site, waste classes and waste disposal methods. In terms of component, the harmful organic pollutants can be classified into five types, including Aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbons, BTEX, Phenols, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Phthalate esters (PAEs). In terms of function and application, the harmful organic pollutants can be grouped into four types, including agricultural organic contaminates, medical drugs, and electronic components (BFR). Most of the pollutants can cause cancer, malformation, and mutation, and they are usually endocrine disrupting chemicals, therefore they can affect the human health. However, there are few restrictions of these organic pollutants with little content but significant hazard in groundwater. The standards and restrictions for some serious organic pollutants are studied. It is suggested that those organic pollutants should be studied carefully in the future groundwater organic pollution investigation, and the management of the related departments should be strengthened to prevent groundwater pollution caused by these pollutants.