地球静止轨道卫星在水利行业中应用综述

首先列举了涉及水利相关静止卫星的发展状况,阐述了静止卫星的发展历程,并从探测器精度、覆盖范围、成像时间、数据传输方式和姿态控制方式等方面对各国主流静止卫星进行了参数对比,指出静止卫星具有连续、同步、大尺度、多角度观测地球的能力,使得静止卫星不仅用于天气预报、气候预测等气象领域,还可以满足众多非气象领域包括水利行业的应用需求。其次,综述了静止卫星在水利行业中的应用领域和国内外的应用现状,分析了静止卫星水利相关应用参数,列举了静止卫星在水文监测、水旱灾害监测和水情传输中的应用实例,并进行了静止卫星在水利行业可用性分析,指出由于卫星传感器性能和在水利领域应用技术水平的限制是造成目前静止卫星在水利行业应用的业务水平不高的原因,需要加大稳定、高轨高精度和多种荷载传感器的研发投入。最后,对未来发展方向提出了设想,认为提高数据处理、同化技术水平,加强进入水利行业的应用能力,可以提高静止卫星数据在水利行业的业务化应用水平。

Overview of the Application of Geostationary Satellites in Water Conservancy

Firstly, the paper lists?the?development progress of?water?related?geostationary satellites. The development course of geostationary satellites is introduced, and the parameters of mainstream geostationary satellites in different countries are compared from aspects of detector?accuracy, coverage,?imaging time,?data transmission,?and?attitude control?mode. It points out that geostationary satellites have the capabilities of continuous, synchronous, large-scale,?and multi-angle observation of the earth; therefore they can not only be used for?weather forecasting and?meteorology,?but also can meet?the application requirements in other?non-meteorological?fields including the water conservancy. Secondly, the paper introduces the?application status of geostationary satellites in water conservancy, analyzes the related parameters of geostationary satellites in water conservancy application, lists the application examples of geostationary satellites in in?hydrological monitoring, flood and droughts?monitoring, and?water transport, and analyzes the feasibility of geostationary satellites in water conservancy. It points out that ?the?satellite?sensor performance and the limitation of applied technology?in?water conservancy are the main reason for the poor application of geostationary satellites in water conservancy; therefore the research and development investment needs to be increased for the stable, high precision, and various sensors. Finally, this paper proposes the future development direction such as the improvement of data?processing?and?assimilation technology, which can help strengthen the application abilities of geostationary satellites in water conservancy.