不同沟垄集雨方式对旱地燕麦耗水强度及产量的影响

沟垄覆膜集雨技术在旱区农业中的显著节水增产作用,使其在我国西北半干旱农业区得到了广泛地应用。为了研究适宜于燕麦的沟垄集雨方式,分析其耗水规律,丰富沟垄集雨模型,设计了4个处理:T1—平地种植,T2—沟垄不覆膜不供水种植,T3—沟垄覆膜不供水种植,T4—平地充分供水种植。结果表明:(1)在燕麦的主要生育阶段,除T4处理之外,T1处理的耗水量要高于T2和T3处理;(2)T3处理显著地增加了耕作层0～30cm剖面的土壤水分,达到6.93mm,而T1处理土壤各剖面的水分消耗量最高;(3)T4处理的产量最高为1 854kg/hm2,T3处理的产量为1 611.2kg/hm2,T4较T3高242.8kg/hm2。而在不供水的各处理之中(T1、T2、T3),T3较T1和T2分别增产28.1%和27.8%;(4)T4处理各产量构成为各处理中最高,T3处理显著降低了燕麦的千粒重,其值仅为13.9g,其余主要指标均显著高于T1处理。

Effects of Different Ridge and Furrow Rainwater Harvesting Methods on Water Consumption Intensity and Yield of Dry-land Oat

Ridge and furrow with cover rainwater harvesting technology has been widely used in the semi-arid agricultural region in the northwest of China due to its significant raising yield with saving water in the arid agricultural areas. In order to study ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting method suitable for oats, to analyze water consumption of oat, and to propose an appropriate model of ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting, this study designed four types of treatments, including T1 of ground planting, T2 of ditch ridge planting without cover and without water supply, T3 of ditch ridge planting with cover but without water supply, and T4 of ground planting with sufficient water supply. The results showed that: (1) the water consumption of T1 treatment was higher than that of T2 and T3 treatments during the main growth stage, except for T4 treatment; (2) T3 treatment significantly increased the soil moisture in the 0-30 cm profile of the arable layer and it reached 6.93 mm, while T1 treatment had the highest water consumption in each soil section among all the treatments; (3) the highest yield was 1854 kg/hm2 by T4 treatment, and was 1611.2 kg/hm2 by T3. So the highest yield by T4 was 242.8 kg/hm2 higher than that by T3 treatment. For the planting methods without water supply (T1, T2 and T3 treatment), the highest yield by T3 treatment was about 28.1% and 27.8% higher than that by T1 and T2 treatments, respectively; and (4) T4 treatment had the highest yield for all components among all the treatments, and T3 treatment significantly reduced the 1000-grain weight of oats to only 13.9 g, but the other indicators in T3 treatment were significantly higher those in T1 treatment.