Multi-objective optimization of the heat transmission and fluid forces around a rounded cornered square cylinder

The unsteady fluid stream and warmth transmission nearby a square cylinder with sharp and rounded cornered edges are numerically examined, and then the roundness of the corner is predicted and optimized for the minimum fluid forces and maximum heat transmission rate. The roundness of the cylinder corner is changing 0.5D (circle) to 0.71D (square); D is the depth of the cylinder. The fluid flow and the heat transmission features around the sharp and curved cornered square cylinder are evaluated with the streamline, isotherm patterns, pressure coefficient, drag and lift coefficients, local Nusselt number (Nu_local) and average Nusselt number (Nu_avg) at different Re and for several roundness values. These characteristics are predicted by the gene expression programming, and then the multi-objective genetic algorithm is utilized for the optimization. A number of combinations of values of corners have been found in the form of Pareto-optimal solution to compromise the minimum fluid forces with maximum heat transfer rate.