山梨酸盐与钙胁迫对甜樱桃灰霉病抗性的诱导作用

以‘秦樱1号’樱桃为试材，研究不同质量浓度山梨酸钾（1、3、5、7 g/L）、CaCl2（5、10、15、 20 g/L）处理对离体灰霉菌的抑制效果，通过菌丝生长抑制率、扫描电子显微镜观察芽管生长及孢子萌发抑制率 筛选出最佳处理质量浓度。结果表明：与对照组相比，山梨酸钾、CaCl2处理均能不同程度地抑制灰霉菌菌丝的生 长，抑制灰霉菌芽管的伸长，降低孢子的萌发率，抑制效果随质量浓度的升高逐渐加强，20 g/L CaCl2、5 g/L山梨 酸钾处理抑制效果最好。以无菌水为对照，用采前喷20 g/L CaCl2、采后5 g/L山梨酸钾处理及二者复合处理接种灰 霉菌的甜樱桃，在（23±1）℃下存放5 d，通过测定发病率、病斑直径及相关酶活力探究不同处理对甜樱桃灰霉病 的抑制效果。在活体接种实验中，与对照组相比，20 g/L CaCl2、5 g/L山梨酸钾单独及复合处理均能有效抑制接种 到甜樱桃果实上灰霉菌的生长，减缓病斑的扩展，CaCl2与山梨酸钾处理能显著抑制樱桃果实中MDA含量上升，诱 导果实合成与积累抗性相关酶（多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶）在接种1 d后或接种3 d后的 活力提高，以5 g/L山梨酸钾与20 g/L CaCl2复合处理抑制效果最好，该研究为降低由灰霉菌侵染引起的病害及采后 甜樱桃果实防腐保鲜提供了参考。

Effect of Sorbate and Calcium Stress on Inducing Resistance to Gray Mold in Sweet Cherry

This study focused on the effects of treatments with different concentrations of potassium sorbate (1, 3, 5 and 7 g/L), and/or calcium chloride (5, 10, 15 and 20 g/L) on the resistance to Botrytis cinerea in sweet cherry from the cultivar ‘Qinying 1’. The optimal treatment concentration was screened by measuring the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth, germ tube growth and spore germination of Botrytis cinerea. The results indicated that all treatments could concentration dependently inhibit mycelial growth and germ tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea to different degrees compared with control group and significantly decrease the spore germination rate, and that the best effect was attained by treatments with 20 g/L calcium chloride and 5 g/L potassium sorbate. The inhibitory effect of preharvest spraying with 20 g/L CaCl2 and/or postharvest spraying with 5 g/L potassium sorbate on gray mold incidence, lesion diameter and related enzyme activities in sweet cherry inoculated with Botrytis cinerea during storage for 5 days at (23 ± 1) ℃ was evaluated using sterile water as a control. It turned out that all three treatments effectively inhibited the growth of inoculated Botrytis cinerea and delayed lesion expansion. In addition, both potassium sorbate and CaCl2 could significantly inhibit the content of malondialdehyde (malondialdehyde) and induce the synthesis and accumulation of resistance-associated enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, peroxldase, chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase), increasing the enzyme activities at 1 day or 3 days after inoculation. The combined treatment with 5 g/L potassium sorbate and 20 g/L calcium showed the best inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerea. The results of this study can provide useful information for reducing the disease caused by invasion of Botrytis cinerea and preserving postharvest sweet cherry.