超声波和微波辅助提取苦水玫瑰鲜花和花渣中原花青素的工艺优化及其比较

优化超声波和微波辅助提取苦水玫瑰鲜花和花渣中原花青素的工艺，比较2?种方法的差异。以苦水玫瑰鲜花以及提取精油后的花渣为材料，在超声时间和超声温度、微波时间和微波温度单因素试验筛选的基础上，采用响应面法优化微波或超声波辅助提取原花青素的最佳工艺。单因素试验结果表明，在超声温度60?℃、超声时间20?min条件下，或微波温度60?℃、微波时间40?s条件时，原花青素的提取量最大。结合前期单因素试验的结果，即乙醇体积分数60%、提取温度75?℃、料液比1∶20（g/mL）、提取时间1.5?h，超声波或微波辅助提取鲜花中原花青素提取的最佳工艺条件为超声温度59?℃、超声时间17?min或微波温度61?℃、微波时间44?s，在此条件下，原花青素的提取量分别可达96.94?mg/g和100.81?mg/g。超声波或微波辅助提取花渣中原花青素最佳工艺条件为超声温度60?℃、超声时间20?min或微波温度60?℃、微波时间42?s，在此条件下，原花青素的提取量分别可达57.74?mg/g和58.74?mg/g。综上所述，超声波或微波辅助均可有效提取玫瑰鲜花和花渣中的原花青素，微波辅助提取的得率更高。

Optimization and Comparison of Ultrasonic and Microwave Assisted Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Fresh Flowers and Essential Oil Residue of Kushui Rose

This study aimed to optimize and compare the ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) and the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of proanthocyanidins from fresh flowers and essential oil extraction residue of Kushui rose. The optimization was performed using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method and response surface methodology (RSM). The results of OFAT experiments showed that the optimal ultrasonic irradiation temperature and time to obtain the maximum yield of proanthocyanidins were 60 ℃ and 20 min and the optimal microwave irradiation temperature and time were 60 ℃ and 40 s, respectively. When the extraction was carried out for 1.5 h using 60% ethanol as extraction solvent at 75 ℃ with a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:20 (g/mL), 17 min ultrasonic irradiation at 59 ℃ and 44 s microwave irradiation at 61 ℃ were found to be optimal to obtain a higher yield of proanthocyanidins of 96.94 and 100.81 mg/g from fresh rose flowers, respectively, while in the case of the oil extraction residue, 20 min ultrasonic irradiation at 60 ℃ and 42 s microwave irradiation at 60 ℃ were the optimal conditions to obtain a higher yield of proanthocyanidins of 57.74 and 58.74 mg/g, respectively. It is suggested that both ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction were efficient to extract proanthocyanidins from fresh flowers and essential oil extraction resident of Kushui rose, and microwave assisted extraction showed better extraction efficiency.