乳酸菌产生的抑菌物质及其作用机制

乳酸菌是公认的食品级安全微生物,碳水化合物进行发酵的过程中,代谢产生包括蛋白质、多肽类物质、有机酸及其他的具有抑菌活性的物质。这些抑菌物质能够抑制食物中腐败菌及食源性致病菌的生长繁殖,但其自身不会对人体造成损害。乳酸菌能促进动物生长,调节胃肠道正常菌群、维持微生态平衡,从而改善胃肠道功能;提高食物消化率和生物效价;降低血清胆固醇,控制内毒素;抑制肠道内腐败菌生长:提高超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)酶活力,消除人体自由基,具抗衰老、延年益寿作用;控制人体内毒素水平,保护肝脏并增强肝脏的解毒、排毒功能;提高机体免疫力等。本文对乳酸菌代谢过程中产生的具有抑菌活性的物质及这些物质的抑菌机制进行综述,以期为乳酸菌的研究提供一定的参考。

Antibacterial substances produced by lactic acid bacteria and their mechanism

Lactic acid bacteria are recognized as a kind of food-grade safe microorganism. In the process of the fermentation of carbohydrates, a variety of material metabolism are produced, including protein, polypeptide material, organic acids and other materials with antibacterial activity. These bacteriostatic substances can inhibit the growth and reproduction of spoilage bacteria and food-borne pathogens in food, but they do not cause damage to humans themselves. Lactic acid bacteria can promote the growth of animals, regulate the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract, maintain the microecological balance, and improve the gastrointestinal function. They can also increase food digestibility and biological titer; lower serum cholesterol and control endotoxin; inhibit the growth of bacteria in the intestinal tract, improve SOD enzyme activity, eliminate free radicals, and have the fuctions of anti-aging and prolonging life; control the level of human endotoxin, protect liver and enhance the detoxification and detoxification function of liver; improve body immunity and so on. In this paper, the antimicrobial activities of lactic acid bacteria were reviewed, so as to provide some references for the study of lactic acid bacteria.