不同色型玛咖中总生物碱酸水提取工艺的优化

以云南丽江所产的黄色、紫色和黑色3种色型的玛咖为原料,对其总生物碱的提取工艺进行研究。以pH2.0盐酸水溶液为提取溶剂,研究料液比、提取温度和提取时间3个因素对酸水提取玛咖生物碱的影响,并通过正交试验确定了其最佳提取条件。结果表明,3因素对黄色和黑色玛咖粉中总生物碱提取结果的影响主次顺序为料液比 > 提取时间 > 提取温度;对紫色玛咖粉中总生物碱提取结果的影响主次顺序为提取时间 > 料液比 > 提取温度。黄色玛咖中总生物碱的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1:30 (g/mL),提取温度75 ℃,提取时间5.5 h,提取得率为9.89%±0.38%;紫色玛咖中总生物碱的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比为1:25 (g/mL),提取温度90 ℃,提取时间5.5 h,提取率为10.36%±0.58%;黑色玛咖中总生物碱的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比为1:20 (g/mL),提取温度85 ℃,提取时间6 h,提取得率为10.01%±0.78%。由此可知,不同色型玛咖中总生物碱的最佳提取条件有一定差异。

Optimization of Extraction Process for Total Alkaloids from Maca with Different Color Types

This study was carried out to optimize the acidic extraction of total alkaloids from Maca with different color type. The effects of three extraction parameters including solid-to-liquid ratio, temperature and duration on extraction efficiency were investigated by orthogonal array design. Results were as follows:The order of effect of different factors on extraction efficiency for yellow Maca and black Maca were solid-to-liquid ratio > duration > temperature. The order of effect of different factors on extraction efficiency for purple Maca were duration > solid-to-liquid ratio > temperature. The content of total alkaliods in yellow Maca was 9.89%±0.38% under the optimum extracting conditions:Ratio of solid to liquid 1:30, temperature 75℃, time 5.5 h.The optimal extraction condition of purple Maca were 90℃ temperature for 5.5 h with solid-to-liquid ratio 1:25, and the yield of total alkaloids was 10.36%±0.58%. The optimal extraction parameters for black Maca was as follows:Temperature 85℃, time 6 h, solid-liquid ratio 1:20, under these conditions, the extraction yield of total alkaloids was 10.01%±0.78%. In conclusion, the optimal extraction conditions for total alkaloids in different color types Maca had some differences.