四个品种赣南脐橙果皮精油提取及挥发性成分分析

以四个品种赣南脐橙(纽荷尔、朋娜、华盛顿、奈维林娜)为原料,通过检测其可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量与固酸比,确定了四个品种果实的成熟度,并利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取果皮精油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对挥发性成分进行研究,比较四个品种在精油得率和挥发性成分及相对含量上的差异。结果表明:四个品种脐橙的固酸比均大于或等于20.0,均已达到成熟状态;各脐橙果皮精油得率为:纽荷尔(1.05%)＞奈维林娜(0.94%)＞华盛顿(0.91%)＞朋娜(0.75%);样品中共鉴定出21种挥发性成分,包括13种烯烃类、3种醇类和5种醛类,烯烃类化合物是其主要挥发性成分。其中,纽荷尔脐橙果皮中鉴定出11种,d-柠檬烯(92.962%)、月桂烯(2.851%)和罗勒烯(1.039%)为其主要香气成分;朋娜脐橙果皮中鉴定出13种,d-柠檬烯(92.328%)、月桂烯(2.700%)和3-亚甲基-6-(1-甲基乙基)环己烯(1.020%)为其主要香气成分;华盛顿脐橙果皮中鉴定出14种,d-柠檬烯(92.322%)和β-蒎烯(2.653%)为其主要香气成分;奈维林娜脐橙果皮中鉴定出11种,月桂烯(47.036%)、2-蒎烯(15.313%)、3-亚甲基-6-(1-甲基乙基)环己烯(11.593%)为其主要香气成分。本研究结果为赣南脐橙品种精油的开发利用提供参考。

Extraction and Volatile Components Analysis of Peel Oil from Four Varieties of Gannan Navel Oranges

Four varieties of Gannan navel oranges(Newhall,Bonanza,Washington,Navelina)were used as raw materials,the maturity of the fruits was determined by detecting the soluble sugar,titratable acid,soluble solids content and solid-acid ratio,the essential oils were extracted by steam distillation from peels,and the volatile components were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The differences in yield,volatile chemical composition and content were compared. Results showed that the solid-acid ratios of the four varieties of navel oranges were all greater than or equal to 20.0,indicated that the fruits were in a mature state. The yields of essential oil from four varieties of Gannan navel orange peels were as followed:Newhall(1.05%)＞Navelina(0.94%)＞Washington(0.91%)＞Bonanza(0.75%). 21 volatile components were identified from four samples,including 13 olefins,3 alcohols and 5 aldehydes,with predominantly olefinic compounds. Besides,eleven kinds of volatile components were identified in the peel of Newhall navel orange,d-limonene(92.962%),myrcene(2.851%)and ocimene(1.039%)were the main aroma components;13 kinds of volatile components were identified in Bonanza,d-limonene(92.328%),myrcene(2.700%),and 3-methylene-6-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexene(1.020%)were main aroma components;Fourteen kinds of volatile components were identified in Washington,d-limonene(92.322%)and β-pinene(2.653%)were the main aroma components;Eleven kinds of volatile components were identified in Navelina,myrcene(47.036%),2-decene(15.313%),3-methylene-6-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexene(11.593%)were main aroma components. The results of this study provided references for the development and utilization of essential oils from Gannan navel oranges.