植物多糖的提取及抗氧化功效的研究进展

植物多糖具有抗氧化等多种生物活性功能。目前多种植物多糖被成功提出并广泛的应用在保健食品和医学研究中。本文总结了植物多糖的多种提取方法(热浸提取、酸碱提取、超声波提取、微波提取、CO₂超临界流体萃取、超滤膜提取),分析了各种方法优劣及其影响因素。针对多糖提取中蛋白质干扰,分析比较了三种常见脱蛋白方法:三氯乙酸法、盐酸法及Sevag法。人体的抗氧化系统是一个可与免疫系统相比拟的、具有完善和复杂功能的系统。抗氧化是机体自身防御的重要步骤,自由基或氧化剂会将细胞和组织分解,影响代谢功能,并会引起一系列健康问题。抗氧化可延缓运动性疲劳发生和加快体能恢复,因此植物多糖抗氧化功能的研究逐渐成为近年来食品科学、医学等研究热点。

Research Progress of Antioxidation Efficacy and Extraction of Plant Polysaccharide

The plant polysaccharide has lots of bioactive functions such as antioxidation and other biological activities. At present,various plant polysaccharide was extracted successfully and used widely in the research of nutrition food and medicine. This article summarized different extraction methods of the plant polysaccharide(hot dipping extraction,acid-alkali extraction,ultrasonic extraction,microwave extraction,CO₂ supercritical fluid extraction,ultrafiltration extraction),and analyzed the advantages,disadvantages and influence factors of different methods. Aimed at the disturb of protein in the polysaccharide extraction,it compared three common methods of deproteinization:TCA method,Hydrochloric acid method and Sevage method. Human's antioxidant system is similar to the immune system with thorough and complex function,stronger antioxidant ability. Antioxidant is an important step in the body's own defense,because the free radicals or antioxidants will break down cells and tissues,which affects metabolic function,and lead to a series of health problems. Antioxidant can delay exercise-induced fatigue and accelerate physical recovery,therefore,the researches aiming at antioxidant properties of plant polysaccharide become a hotspot in food science and medicine research in recent years.