海参内脏的活性成分、保健功能与开发研究进展

海参作为中国的传统补品,具有增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、养颜美容等作用。海参的主要食用部位为海参体壁,因此对海参的研究也多聚焦在海参体壁活性物质上。海参加工中的副产物海参内脏则多被废弃,利用率低,国内外对其研究也较少,已开发的相关产品更是微乎其微。然而海参内脏除含有与体壁相似的化学成分外,还富含牛磺酸、精氨酸、磷脂、不饱和脂肪酸以及各种高活性微量元素、色素、活性酶和功能菌,海参内脏的食用价值和药用价值在一定范围内高于海参体壁。目前对海参内脏活性物质认识的缺乏和忽视,已造成资源严重浪费和流失。基于希望对天然资源的充分合理利用,对海参内脏具有的化学成分、生物活性以及活性物质的提取分离进行介绍,为海参内脏相关食品、保健品和新药的研究与开发提供依据。

Research progress of active components, health function and development of sea cucumber viscera

As a traditional Chinese supplement, sea cucumber can enhance immunity, anti-tumor, anti-virus and improve the skin and so on. The main edible part of sea cucumber is body wall, so the studies on the active substance of the sea cucumber are also more focused on it, but sea cucumber viscera are discarded. The research and utilization on them are very low in world, and the related products are very less. But the chemical compositions of sea cucumber viscera are similar to the body wall, and they are also rich in taurine, arginine, phospholipids, unsaturated fatty acids and various high-activity trace elements, pigments, enzymes and functional bacteria. Therefore, the edible value and medicinal value of them are higher than that of sea cucumber body wall to a certain area. At present, the lacks of the awareness and ignoring to sea cucumber viscera have caused seriously waste and loss of resources. This paper reviewed the chemical components and bioactivity and extraction and isolation of sea cucumber viscera, which provided a basis for the development of new products on sea cucumber viscera, so as to take advantage of natural resources.