A review on lignin-based polymeric,micro- and nano-structured materials |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, ENSTIB, 27 rue Philippe Séguin, CS 60036, 88026 Epinal Cedex, France;2. Université de Lorraine, LERMAB, EA 4370, 27 rue Philippe Séguin, CS 60036, 88026 Epinal Cedex 9, France;3. King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;4. b-cube AG, Fabrikweg 2, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland;5. Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, ENSTIB, 27 rue Philippe Séguin, CS 60036, 88026 Epinal Cedex, France;1. School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA;2. Division of Chemistry, Government Degree College Sarkaghat, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla-171005, India;1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Utilization, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;3. Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA;1. Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA;2. Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA;3. Center of Biomass Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;4. Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA;5. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA |
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| Abstract: | Next to cellulose, lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer, and the main source of aromatic structures on earth. It is a phenolic macromolecule, with a complex structure which considerably varies depending on the plant species and the isolation process. Lignin has long been obtained as a by-product of cellulose in the paper pulp production, but had rather low added-value applications. Changes in the paper market have however stimulated the need to focus on other applications for lignins. In addition, the emergence of biorefinery projects to develop biofuels, bio-based materials and chemicals from carbohydrate polymers should also generate large amounts of lignin with the potential for value addition.These developments have brought about renewed interest in the last decade for lignin and its potential use in polymer materials. This review covers both the topics of the direct use of lignin in polymer applications, and of the chemical modifications of lignin, in a polymer chemistry perspective. The future trend toward micro- and nanostructured lignin-based materials is then addressed. |
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| Keywords: | Lignin Copolymer Functionalization Chemical modification Materials |
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