Improvements in acidity for TiO2 and SnO2 via impregnation with MoO3 for the esterification of fatty acids |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ural Federal University, Laboratory of Magnetic Sensors, Ekaterinburg, Russia;2. Universidad Pais Vasco UPV-EHU, BC Materials, Bilbao, Spain;3. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;1. Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;2. J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic;3. Eni s.p.a., Research & Technological Innovation, Physical Chemistry Dept., Via F. Maritano 26,I-20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy;1. Division of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India;2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CSMCRI, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002, India;1. Chemistry Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, 36590-000, Brazil;2. Chemistry Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31279‑201, Brazil;1. Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group. Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología (ESCET). Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n. Móstoles. E28933, Madrid, Spain;2. Catalysis and Petroleochemistry Institute. CSIC. C/ Marie Curie, 2. Cantoblanco, E28049, Madrid, Spain;1. Oil & Gas Center of Excellence, School of Chemical Engineering, Colleges of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;2. Nanoelectronics Center of Excellence, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The impregnation of TiO2 or SnO2 with MoO3 forms solid materials exhibiting high acidity (MoO3/TiO2 and MoO3/SnO2) that might be applied as catalysts for the esterification of fatty acids. TiO2 and SnO2 oxide matrixes were prepared using a metal-chitosan complex method, and the acidity of these materials was modified via impregnation with MoO3. These catalytic systems were characterized by FTIR, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and tested in the esterification of fatty acids in the presence of methanol. The esterification reactions were carried out at three different temperatures (120 °C, 140 °C and 160 °C) with a 400:100 molar ratio of alcohol:fatty acid and 1% (mass) catalyst loading. Both TiO2 and SnO2 only exhibited catalytic activity after their acidity was improved via impregnation with MoO3, and yields of 80% and 90%, respectively, were achieved at 6 h and 160 ºC. |
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